Caffeine Essay - 867 Words

Did you know that chocolate can help you memorize better? Chocolate can improve your memory because of a drug called caffeine. Caffeine is contained in many different kinds of foods and drinks like coffee, chocolate and tea. It is a legal drug that consumed worldwide. Its function is to stimulate the central nervous system associated with brain function that affects mental performance especially alertness, attention and concentration. Theobromine is an active ingredient of chocolate that is found in cocoa. Theobromine and caffeine are related and have similar structures. Therefore, some chocolate products have added caffeine. Caffeine is defined as a drug because it stimulates the central nervous system which makes people†¦show more content†¦This means caffeine increases brain activity by promotes a state of arousal, alertness and focus. Caffeine is also associated with health and may have some protective effects from cognitive decline because consume caffeine constantly wi ll help activate the brain. (affect of caffeine) Caffeines main effect is on the brain. Caffeine will affect mostly on the part of our brain called hippocampus which is the memory center in the human brain. Hippocampus plays an important role in consolidating information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Memory is a total what we remember. Memory gives us the ability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as to build relationships. Scientists outlined three stages of memory which are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (Cherry, n.d.). The stage model of memory is often used to explain the basic structure and function of memory. Sensory memory is the earliest stage of memory. During this stage, the information from the environment is stored for a very short period of time. Short-term memory, also known as active memory, is the information people are currently thinking about. The information that stored in short-term memory will be kept for approximately 20 to 30 seconds, and are quickly forgotten. Long-term memory refers to the continuing storage of information. The information that stored in long-term memoryShow MoreRelatedEssay On Caffeine921 Words   |  4 Pageswhat you’re doing to your body. Caffeine is this amazing thing that has been around forever. Even when we did not use it, it was used by plants as a defense mechanism. To fight the battle against insects, plants developed the caffeine that we all love and cherish today. It was developed on the Arabic Peninsula around 1000 AD into coffee. And then evolved into what we know today. But other than its history, caffeine has different effects with everybody. Caffeine is also a neuro-stimulant, which meansRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1436 Words   |  6 PagesCaffeine to the average consumer is just an ingredient that keeps the consumer awake. This is a mental stimulant that blocks receptors in the brain, simulating that the consumer is not tired. Given that everyone is not informed about the many other things that caffeine does to one’s body, it is acceptable in society without question. Almost everyone on Earth has access to some form of caffeine—regardless of age. Caffeine is available in a variety of thing s like food, drinks, plants and even medicationsRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1104 Words   |  5 Pages caffeine prevention is possible. Mix decaffeinated coffee in with regular coffee and drink coffee with low fat milk. Brew tea for less time. It would be better to pick soft drinks without caffeine in them. Then, try to avoid sodas and energy drinks with caffeine added. Speak to a pharmacist or healthcare provider to find out if any of the nonprescription medications or herbal products that one takes include caffeine. Then, try not to change the way he or she takes medication without the adviceRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Caffeine870 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Caffeine Works Cited Not Included Caffeine has played a central role in many cultures. Coffee was first discovered over 1000 years ago, and approximately 75% of Americans drink coffee on a regular basis. Despite the thousand years that have passed, there is still controversy surrounding the biological effects of coffee and its primary active ingredient, caffeine. CaffeineRead MoreCaffeine Speech Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech Outline Title: Caffeine Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the effects and health issues of caffeine. Thesis: Caffeine can have many different effects on the body depending on the amount of consumption. Introduction A. Attention Getter – How many of you here consider yourself caffeine addicts? How much soda do you drink a day? One bottle? Two cans? More? How about coffee? B. Thesis statement – Caffeine can have many different effects on the body depending on the amountRead MoreCaffeine Experiment Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Caffeine is one of man’s most successful discoveries dating back to the 13th century. Although its origins are not completely clear, we see the impacts of its use down to the 21st century. From local cafes and restaurants to school and fast food chains, the evidence is relative that coffee is truly everywhere in our society. One of coffees many uses was that it had the ability to make its consumers feel more ready to start the day. However, does caffeine really affect our moods andRead MoreEssay on Is Caffeine Addictive?1836 Words   |  8 PagesIs Caffeine Addictive? As exams approach, students everywhere reach for their coffee mugs, their Vivarine and No-Doz. Legions of wide-eyed and shaky young people stay up late into the night, printing out final papers and cramming a year worth of information into their over-burned minds. Falling asleep over books is not acceptable at this time of year. But this is not a new thing; many students have a late-night lifestyle supported by caffeine, getting an average of 5 hours of sleep a night.Read MoreEssay on Caffeine in Athletics1985 Words   |  8 PagesCaffeine in Athletics The world’s most popular drug is legal, inexpensive, and believed to amplify workouts. It supposedly motivates athletes and helps them stay alert and focused while also boosting physical endurance by twenty to fifty percent. This stimulant is found naturally in sixty-three plants and is consumed by eighty percent of Americans. This white, bitter, crystalline substance is known as caffeine, and is commonly consumed in efforts to enhance athletic abilityRead MoreSpeech on Caffeine Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Caffeine Specific purpose: To inform my audience what exactly caffeine is, where it comes from, the benefits of caffeine and the negative effects of caffeine. Introduction A. Attention material: Do you ever feel like you will never make it through the day without caffeine? Is your first thought in the morning to get yourself a cup of coffee before you can even get your day started? B. Tie to the audience: I am sure that most of you do consume at least one form ofRead MoreDangers of Caffeine Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesup each day or keeps us focused. It is what drives us to go the extra mile. Caffeine is a product that is being used in all sorts of drinks ranging from colas to our early morning cup of tea. Most people whose life is always on an ever moving work pace feel it is a needed necessity to keep them going, People ranging from bcig business people to mare student. The main reason for this review is to see just how much caffeine affects the life of an average student both negative and positively and also

The Long Effects Of A Hate Crime Essay - 1289 Words

Abstract This paper will explore the long-term effects a hate crime has on the victim and his or her community. The victims and communities are directly and indirectly affected by the crime. Victims suffered long term effects such as negative mental and physical health, anxiety, depression, and symptoms of PTSD. The affected communities were victimized solely for sharing the same characteristics and beliefs of the victim. The long lasting effects of the hate crime influence every aspect of the victim’s life and those communities involved. Coping mechanisms such as support groups helped the victim and the communities regain some normality in their lives. Keywords: hate crimes, long-term effects, victims, communities The Effect a Hate Crime Has on the Victim and their Community Throughout American history, violent criminal acts against a specific person or a group of individuals were just that, violent crimes. In the 1980’s, the term hate crime was born. The National Institute for Justice states the term â€Å"hate crime† was used by a group of advocates to describe a series of violent incidents targeting several minorities. A hate crime is â€Å"a criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin† (Nij.gov, 2010). In the United States, hate crimes are being reported on the daily basis. According toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hate Crimes On The Victim And Their Community1305 Words   |  6 Pages The Effects of Hate Crimes on the Victim and their Community Maritza A. Salvador Psychology 25 Professor Fitzpatrick 02 December, 2016 Abstract This paper will explore the long-term effects a hate crime has on the victim and his or her community. The victims and communities are directly and indirectly affected by the crime. Victims suffered long term effects such as negative mental and physical health, anxiety, depression, and symptoms of PTSD. The affected communitiesRead MoreHate Crimes Laws And Hate Crime1543 Words   |  7 PagesHate Crimes What is a hate crime? Although the definition can vary based on what groups are included (Cogan, 2006, p. 174) the simplest definition would be, violence against a person or group of people based on their gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, race or disability (Burgess, Regehr, Roberts, 2013). Hate Crimes do not just effect the victim but also the community. Those who become victims of hate crime are not chosen at random, it is because of the group they identify with orRead MorePersuasive Speech: We Must Take a Stand Against Hate Crimes Essay examples1739 Words   |  7 Pagespicketers carried signs saying, God Hates Fags and Fags Deserve to Die. Matthew Sheppard is one of the thousands of victims who have suffered from the form of violence known as hate crimes. Someone commits a hate crime every hour. In the most recent data collection, 2014, a reported 17, 876 hate crimes were committed. This is a national crisis that we cannot allow to continue. Today we will discuss the problems associated with this horrendous crime, causes for it, and finally steps weRead MoreHate Crimes850 Words   |  4 PagesHate Crimes By Grady Strickland Hate Crimes care awful and yet they happen every day. The thought that a hate crimes can happen anytime anywhere is not something that crosses everyone’s mind daily. Within this essay we will cover the typical individual who commits hate crimes, who the targets or victims of hate crimes are, what the causes and effects of hate crimes are, and what actions can be taken to minimize the amount and occurrence of hate crimes. Unfortunately hate crimes have been a partRead MoreEssay on The Laramie Project1293 Words   |  6 Pages Hate Crimes After reading â€Å"The Laramie Project† your left with so many questions, ideas and emotions. The play is a series of interviews (reenacted exactly as they happened) to give the audience facts and true statements so that they can form there own opinion. The play takes place in Laramie Wyoming, after the â€Å"hate crime† that left 21 year old Matthew Shepard fighting for his life that ended soon after all because the fact that he was gay. Hate is a feeling and hate crime is actingRead MoreThe Impact Of Hate Violence On Victims883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Hate Violence on Victims Introduction Evidently, the importance of crime as one of the major social problems in America has been documented for many years (Whitlock Bronski, 2016). For example, since the 1960s the American society has shown increased concern about the problems that are experienced by victims of crime, which has resulted in the establishment and development of many victim service programs across the country. At the same time, stakeholders have as well introduced newRead MoreThe Causes Of Racism And Racial Profiling In America1038 Words   |  5 Pagesprejudice through hate crimes, the social media, and government officials. Opposed to common beliefs, almost all hate crimes aren’t committed by people who belong to a hate groups. But are generally done by individuals who are considered to be teenagers or young adults. The FBI in 2015 released a recent statistic on which group of minorities had the most crimes committed against them 164,000 for hate crimes + blacks, 134,000 hate crimes + Muslims, and 36,400 for hate crimes + Jews. (Diem, 1)Read MoreBias and Hate Crimes1488 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent races, ethnicities, religions and sexual orientations, it is important to understand both the goals and challenges of policing and dealing with hate and bias crimes. Considering that since the beginning stages of immigration we have tried to support successful assimilation, hate and bias crimes create a huge barrier. Hate and bias crimes â€Å"occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain social group, usually defined by race, religion, sexual orientation Read MoreWhat Makes Russia so Homophobic?1756 Words   |  7 PagesRussia and in 2013 there were 25 hate crimes 2 of which resulted in murder (Spotlight on Russian Homophobia on Eve of Sochi Olympics). Homophobia in Russia has become so extreme that LGBT people can no longer feel safe in their own country. In Russia LGBT people face hate crimes and unjust laws. This has been going on for a long time but the problem has become much mere severe in the last 20 years. The intense and widespread homophobia in Russia is due to the effects of past Russian communism, TheRead MoreThe Effects Of Hate Violence On Victims785 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative research design used The topic that was developed in topic Week one for the Final Research proposal was on the subject, â€Å"The Impact of Hate Violence on victims.† The research was conducted by the National Institute against Prejudice and Violence so as to determine the nature and level of hate violence on victims in the year 2011. The qualitative research design applied in this study is the focus group interviewing. For this particular topic, survey research design was the most appropriate

Industry and Market Outlook of Boral Limited †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Industry and Market Outlook of Boral Limited. Answer: Industry and Market Outlook Boral Limited is one of the major Australia multinational companies involved in the business of building and construction materials. The company was established in the year of 1946 and the headquarter of the company is at North Sydney, Australia (boral.com.au 2017). Thus, it can be seen that Boral Limited operates in the building and construction materials. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that this particular industry is becoming a major industry in Australia due to its economic contribution towards the Australian economy (cdn.aigroup.com.au 2017). This particular industry is considered as the third largest industry in Australia that has contributed around 8% towards the Australian gross domestic product (GDP). In Australia, demand of the building and construction materials industry is driven by some of the major factors; they are growth of the population, growth in income, changes in technology, industry activity, consumer sentiment, commodity cycle, and rate of interest, inflation and others. Apart from these, various policies introduced by the government affect the economic contribution of this industry. It is important to mention that a large upstream and downstream supply chain is involved with the Australian building and construction materials industry. Due to the fall in mining related construction and infrastructure investments, it is expected that the current downturn in this industry will be continued. However, it is also expected that the residential contraction activities will become stronger in the coming years giving the necessary boost to this industry (cdn.aigroup.com.au 2017). It can be seen in the recent years that Boral Limited has been able to register impressive amount of profit in the recent years. In the year 2014, with the help to large variety of products, Boral Limited registered $5.2 billion of sales along with $294 million of earnings before interest and tax (EBIT). In the financial year 2015-16, there was a 9% rise in the after tax net profit of the company that is $268 million. Thus, from all these financial figures, it can be observed that Boral Limited has been able to take full advantage of the good economic condition of constriction materials industry of Australia. Considering the current business trend of Boral Limited, it has been forecasted that the company will be able to increase its earnings by 58% in the upcoming financial years (abs.gov.au 2017). Here, a fact for concern is the presence of some factors that has been affecting the attractiveness of investments of Boral Limited. One such factor is inflation rate. High inflation has b een affecting the Australian economy over the years. Due to this inflation rate, investors become less interested in the construction material sector of Australia. In addition, the low rate of interest is another hindrance for Boral Limited to increase their investment attractiveness. As the world economic downturn affects Australian economy, companies become unable to offer high rate of interests on investments to the investors. The same aspect is applicable for Boral Limited as the company is not able to provide high rate of interest on investments to their investors (abix.com.au 2017). References Abix.com.au. (2017).BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY AUSTRALIA ABIX. [online] Available at: https://abix.com.au/tag/building-materials-industry-australia/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Abs.gov.au. (2017).8752.0 - Building Activity, Australia, Jun 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/4FB5ACFC0074529ECA2576B00017C434?Opendocument [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Boral.com.au. (2017).Building Construction Materials Boral. [online] Available at: https://www.boral.com.au/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. cdn.aigroup.com.au. (2017).Australias Construction Material Industry: Profile and Outlook. July 2015. [online] Available at: https://cdn.aigroup.com.au/Economic_Indicators/Construction_Survey/2015/Construction_industry_profile_and_Outlook.pdf [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017].

Ridjal Noor Essay Example

Ridjal Noor Essay Ridjal Noor has conveyed family tension throughout ‘Anil’; by using a broad variation of writing techniques. Family tension could be considered one of the key themes as it is apparent throughout the story; emotionally, physically and mentally. In Malaysia they live in a patriarchal society; where the males dominate. Their culture gives more authority and power to males. This is apparent in ‘Anil’, as Anil and his mother sleep on mats whereas Ragunathan has a ‘rattan bed’, creating family tension due to inequality. Though opportunities for men and women differ by ethnic group and social class, it is evident in ‘Anil’ that the parents are both of a lower social class, due to being servants to headman in the village. The opening line to ‘Anil’ portrays suffering ‘On a hot, sweltering night in the middle of March when the mosquitoes were in their reign of terrorism.’ Ridjal Noor has purposely introduced one of the key moods; ‘suffering’ from the beginning, so that the reader can create pathos. The mosquitoes could be an ongoing metaphorical term referring to the Headman and Marimuthu the crime they have committed. Noor appeals to the reader’s sense of hearing as well as sight. The visual detail is supported by the alliteration. The personification of the words ‘crickets crying’ intrudes on the quiet atmosphere which Ridjal has created; which is a reminder of family tension. We will write a custom essay sample on Ridjal Noor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ridjal Noor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ridjal Noor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Family tension is evident between Anil’s parents; Ragunathan physically abuses Amma after coming home drunk â€Å"Anil saw the bruise on her shoulder† this could display that the family don’t have a good relationship and they are unhappy with their lifestyle. The alcohol problem is evidenced due to the fact â€Å"his eyes were always red†. The use of connotation of ‘red’ could be symbolic of anger or danger. This leads to alcohol abuse causing family tension within Anil’s family. Family tension is apparent through physical abuse in Anil’s family. Appa physically abuses both Anil and his mother â€Å"His father was a burly man, a bully to his family and a timid mouse to the headman†. This suggests that he is violent; the contradictory metaphor contrasts his loyalty to the headman to his violence towards his family. I believe Ragunathan is mirroring the Headman’s behaviour, inflicting it on his family. The quote, ‘he did not need a walloping at this time of night.’ insinuates that Anil was scared to wake up his father. This displays the poor relationship they have with each other creating family tension. The word ‘walloping’ implies that Anil is frequently abused as it is an intricate word for a seven year old. There may be family tension within the family due to their lifestyle. â€Å"roof of the hut where there were many holes in the ceiling† the quote implies that they’re standard of living and quality of life is poor, this is also apparent due to their social class and hierarchy. The Constancy of complex sentence throughout creates a steady pace and rhythm. The steady, slow pace may be symbolic to their lifestyle; everyday they lead the same routine. This may cause confliction in the family as it is limiting their opportunities of life ambitions. Anil is presented as very ambitious â€Å"because his dreams were bigger than him†. This may be why his parents have not informed him of his arranged future life â€Å"He would also be working for the headman, though he had no knowledge of this† this shows tension during the family, as Anil has bigger expectations of life. Family tension is apparent between Marimutha and the Headman. The quote â€Å"Marimuthu, don’t you chicken out now!† conveys the impression that Matimutha is pressurised by his brother to murder his wife, and disguise it as suicide. Suicide is one of the sins; I think this conveys family tension between Marimutha and the Headman. â€Å"The headman suffered the humiliations silently† this is due to his family’s personal affairs being laid out for public speculation, due to his social status. However Marimutha is being given support and sympathy for his loss. At the end of the story however, Appa’s anguish at having to ‘let go of his only son’ contrasts sharply with the image painted of him; Appa was referred to as a ‘bully to his family and a timid mouse to the headman† Perhaps this is a result of the constraints placed on him by society. I believe the train is used metaphorically to symbolize Ragunathan` feelings, â€Å"the train let out a wail’ here it could be suggesting the heartbreaking distress he is feeling; letting go of his only son. The quote ‘its tired wheels’ could be referring to where Ragunathan is emotionally warn out, the use of personification helps to create imagery for the reader. Ridjal Noor has used writing techniques which help convey family tension ‘Someday you will understand, son, someday you will see that it is for your own good,† the Repetition of ‘someday you will’ emphasizes the frustration and anger he is feeling. There is family tension evident here as Ragunathan has sacrificed his only son for his loyalty to the headman. Tension is also added at the fact Anil doesn’t want to go â€Å"Stop this train †¦ stop the train!† again the use of repetition creates tension and emphasizes his emotions of panic. Ridjal Noor uses a similie â€Å"image of the train, making it look like a squiggly worm† this conveys imagery for the reader helping them to create pathos for the characters. This quotation is also from Anil’s perspective; this makes the simile more poignant. Family tension is suggested throughout ‘Anil’, Appa is the main stimulus for most of the family tension. Ridjal Noor has successfully conveyed family tension, by using a diversity of writing techniques to create atmosphere and emotions. Rijal has used the nature as ongoing metaphorical

Phylicia nixon Essays (154 words) - Tourism, Anaheim, California

Phylicia nixon "FUN2016" VACATION ADVENTU RES Hurry and book now for one of our special FUN2016 vacation packages. Book within the next two weeks and you will be eligible for our special discount savings as well as earn a complimentary $100 gift card you can use at any of the resorts in our FUN2016 plan. FUN2016 Disneyland Adventure 376237551371500Roundtrip air fare to Los Angeles, CaliforniaThree-night hotel accommodationsThree-day Resort Ticket24-hour traveler assistance right33147000 395287531686500FUN2016 Florida Adventure roundtrip airfare to Orlando, FloridaSeven-night hotel accommodations Four-day Resort TicketTwo-day Bonus TicketFree transportation to some sites FUN2016 Cancun Adventure Roundtrip airfare to Cancun, MexicoFive-night hotel accommodations and hotel taxesFree shuttle to and from the airportTwo excursion tickets Book a complete air/hotel FUN2016 vacation package and SAVE on fall travel! Bookings must be made by October 1, 2016, for travel October 30 through December 19, 2016 (blackout dates apply). Take advantage of these fantastic savings!

5 Critical Concepts You Must Understand to Ace ACT English

5 Critical Concepts You Must Understand to Ace ACT English SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT English can be overwhelming. There are so many questions! And they're mostly just underlined text: what are they even asking? Of course, that confusion is the whole point: it's what makes this part of the test hard. What does that mean for you? Because the ACT test writersrely on yourconfusion about the formatto confuse you, the questions themselves usually aren't that difficult. In order to excel onthe English section of the ACT, you first need to understand how it's organized- if you're not yet clear on that, take a look at our post laying out exactly what's tested on the ACT English. Onceyou know the basics of how this section of the test work, you just have tolearnhow to approach it. Do that, and you’ll find that the English section is surprisinglysimple! There are five key points you need to understand about the ACT English: ACT English Isn't the Same as High School English The ACT Tests a Limited Set of English Concepts You Always Need a Plan You Can Use the Format to Your Advantage Rushing Will Hurt Your Score Let's go through these one at a time. Feature Image Credit: CollegeDegrees360 #1: ACT English Isn't the Same as Everyday InformalEnglish A lot of students believe that since they speak English the English section should be easy, right? Not quite. Even students who excel with writing and grammar in school can struggle with the ACT English because the testhas its own logic. The ACTwill sometimes consider sentences that would be fine with your English teacher wrong, while some of the constructions that are correct on the test would make your teacher cringe. Answers That Sound Right but Are Actually Wrong A common strategy on the ACT English is to "listen" for errors and pick the answer that "sounds" correct. This approach is certainly helpful for picking out some of the more obvious errors, but the test will use it against you. There are a lot of questions about constructions that we routinely misuse in spoken English- they may sound right, but they're actually wrong. Take "should of" for example: If he didn't want to be late, he should of taken the shorter route. Soundsfine! But this is actually a misspelling of "should've," the contraction of "should have." If you say both "should've" and "should of" out loud, you'll notice that they sound almost identical. The correct version of the sentence is: If he didn't want to be late, he should'vetaken the shorter route. I don't recommend relying on "listening" for errors, but if you do plan to do so (and even if you don't) make sure to study the errors that we routinely make when speaking: pronouns, subject-verb agreement, word choice, and commas. Unfamiliar Grammar Rules Even more confusing are the ACT English's unique grammar rules, manyof which will becompletely new to youor evencontradict what you've been taught in school. With that in mind,the most important advice I can give you about the ACT English is to approach the test on its own terms. For example, a common error I see students make is assuming that the most formal answer is the best one. In school you're expected to use very formal English for essays and assignments, so shouldn't the ACT want the same thing? But it doesn't quite work that way, as you'll see in this example. This question asks for an answer that does two things: "provides the most specific detail" and "maintains the style and tone of the essay." Choices A and B can be ruled out because neither one provides specific details. That leaves answers C and D, which both specify that the kiln's temperature rises above a thousand degrees- the difference between them is one of tone. If you're looking for the most formal answer, D seems correct; however, that answer is unnecessarily wordy and doesn't fit with the more conversational style of the passage itself. As such, C, which provides the relevant detail in a tone that fits into the passage, is the correct answer. You can't assume that the ACT English follows the same rules that you've been taught in school; instead, you have to understand what the test itself wants you to know. The ACT English is not like this(Â © David Shankbone) #2: The Rules for ACT English May Be Weird, but There Aren't That Many of Them If, as I just told you,a lot of what you already know about English is useless on the ACT, then what do you need to know? In short, you must know the specific set of rules that the ACT considers important, as well as how those rules are tested on the ACT. Well, luckily, the types of questions on the ACT Englishare extremely limited, which makes this section of the test surprisingly easy to study for.These questions fall into two categories:usage and mechanics (~55%) and rhetorical skills (~45%).I'mnot going to detailall the concepts you need to know- take a look at our complete guide to ACT grammar rules for that- instead, I'm going to help you start analyzinghow the ACTwritersdesign questions. Remember that the ACT tests conceptsin context, so it's less important to know the names of terms of the reason behind rules than to understand how to spot and correct errors. Usage and Mechanics The usage and mechanics questions are divvied up into three categories: sentence structure, which includes sentence fragments, run-ons, misplaced modifiers, and parallelism grammar and usage, which includes subject-verb agreement, verb tense, pronoun usage, and adjectives and adverbs punctuation, which includes commas, apostrophes, dashes, colons, and semi-colons. To do well on the usage and mechanics, you have to both know the grammar rules as definedby the ACT andunderstand how to spot those errors in practice. That means studying the concepts- see our in-depthguide to the ACT English(coming soon!) or our guide to the best ACT books- and then drilling yourself with real ACT practice passages, which you can find in the Official Guide to the ACT or online. Because the ACT is standardized, these topics are tested in certain defined ways that you will see again and again. For example, a lot of verb tense questions are actually subject-verb agreement questions in disguise: all the answers are in different forms, but only one is correctly conjugated. As you practice, keep an eye out for these types of tricks- the better you get at understanding the logic of the questions, the higher your score will be. Rhetorical Skills Rhetorical skills questions are the ones that really confuse a lot of students, since they aren't even remotely similar to the test questionsyou seein school. The ACT categorizes them in to three groups: organization, which covers transitions and sentence and paragraph order strategy, which covers sentence additions and main idea questions style, which covers redundancy and word choice. Though each type of rhetorical skills question has its own quirks, they're almost all governed by two basic principles: All prose should be as clear as possible. You must answer the question you're being asked. That may sound like gibberish, so let's break it down. When I say that you should prioritize clarity in picking answers, I mean that you want to focus on finding the clearest answer, i.e. the choice that provides all of the necessary information and nothing more, in the most straightforward way possible.Phrasing questions will try to confuse you with extra words that sound smart or important: don't let them fool you! My second point may seem superfluous (of course you have to answer the question!), but it's just as important as the first. On the ACT English, the test itemsthat involve actual questions will ask you for very specific things. You must read these questions carefully and pick the answer that best fits the criteria they lay out. Let's look at an actual rhetorical skills question to see how to apply these ideas. None of these answers involve a lot of extra words, but C and D are both phrased slightly confusingly, so we can probably rule those out. Next, let's look at what exactly the question is asking for: a specific and vivid description of the underwater terrain. Now we can definitely be sure that C and D are wrong- they're both quitevague. Moreover, we can see that A must be the correct answer, since it's the only one that gives a sense of what the underwater scene actually looks like. Now that we've covered how the ACT English is different from what you might expect, let's cover the tools you need to tackle this admittedly weird test successfully. #3: Always Have a Plan of Attack Because the format of the ACT English is so different from the tests you take in school, it's easy to get confused or overwhelmed and end up approaching the passages haphazardly, looking at each underlined section individually. Don't do this! Because the test is designed to test grammar concepts in context, looking at only the underlined portions will cause you to miss questions. Instead, you want to have a strategy for how you approach passages that you use every time you take the test, whether it's for practice or the real thing. Different methods work best for different people, and you'll have to decide what makes the most sense for you. However, every goodstrategyshares one vital principle: no matter where in asentence the underlined section appears, you must always read to the end of the sentence. If you don't do this, it will hurt your score- a lot. For a full breakdown of the pros and cons of different strategies, take a look at our post onthe best way to approach the ACT English passages. Below I've included a quick take on two possible approaches. The Best Strategy for ApproachingACT English Passages Like I said before, every student has their own way of approaching things. However, I've found that the strategy that best minimizes the potential for misunderstanding context is to first read each paragraph and then go back and answer all the questions about that paragraph. Let's walk through how this works in an actual ACT Passage. In this example, you start by reading the first paragraph, until the purple line. Then you answer the questions that are marked with purple boxes. You can see how having read the entire paragraph makes answering question 26, which asks for the sentence that "most effectively introduces the information that follows," much easier. You'll still needto be especially careful with questions 27 and 28, since they appear in the same sentence- in these cases, make sure to look at both underlined portions and consider whether the answer to one will affect the answer to the other. Once you've completed the two-step process for that paragraph, you move on to the next one. Read down to the green line, and then answer the question marked in green. On a real ACT English section, you would repeat this process for each paragraph in each passage. Strategy for Those who Struggle with Time Though the above strategy is ideal, as it gives the clearest understanding of the context for each question, you may find that it's too time consuming. If you are running out of time on the English section with more than a couple of questions of left, you may want to focus more closelyon the underlined portions of the passage. In this strategy, you read only the sentences that contain underlined portions (you still have to read the entire sentence, though), answering the specificquestions as you go, and then going back to any big picture questions at the end.You can see how this approachworks in the example below. 26 is a big picture question, so we skip the blue highlighted portion, and go straight to pink sentence. We read that and answer 27 and 28. Next,we readthe yellow sentence, answer 29, read the green sentence, and answer 30. Finally, we return to the blue sentence and answer 26. For a full passage, you follow the same pattern but for all 15 questions. This strategy can work, but it's not nearly as reliable as the first one. I don't recommend it if you're shooting for a score higher than a 25. (In case you're curious, the correct answers for the questionsabove are as follows: 26. G, 27. D, 28. F, 29. A, 30. G) Remember: always have a plan! #4: Use the Structure of the Test to Your Advantage Once you masteryourapproach to the passages, you'll need to learn how the ACT English questions work. The best way to do that is just to look at, practice with, and analyze as many real ACT questions as possible. Keep in mind that the test is multiple choice and consider how you can usethat to your advantage. Here are a fewtips toget you started. Strategy: Consider How the Answer Choices are Different from Each Other Let's say you look at an underlined portion and don't see anything wrong: you should just bubble A (for no change) and move on, right? Not quite. Just because you don't recognize the error immediatelydoesn't mean there isn't one. Instead, try looking at the answers. What's the difference (or differences) between them? Once you figure that out, you'll know what kind of question you're dealing with- whether it's a subject-verbagreement or idiomatic usage question, for example. Let's look at some examples: Even without knowing the context, wecan see that this a question about punctuation. Looking back at the sentence, you could then determine what factors willaffect the correct punctuation here: maybe there's adash earlier in the sentenceand you need another one to properly punctuatea interjection or maybe this punctuation mark falls between two independent clauses, making the semicolon correct. Next, we've got a trickier case: Inthis example, we can see that there are two questions at issue: whether"therefore" or "in addition" is the correct transition and whether a period or a comma is the correct punctuation. With two concept questions like this, you can narrow down choices based on one of the issues, even if you aren't sure about the other one. Strategy: Don't Get Too Attached to Your Own Idea ofthe Answer We've talked about what to do when you aren't immediately sure what's going on with a question, but what about the times when you immediately know what's wrong and how to fix it? For the most part, those occasions are the best case scenarios- you should still read all the answer choices and double check to make sure you aren't falling into any traps, like failing to read to the end of a sentence or missing a "not" in the question, but usually you'll be able to quickly determine the right choice and move on. However, there will be times, especially when dealing with the rhetorical skills question, that you come up withthe perfect answer only to find that there's no choice even remotely similar to it. Don't panic! Think about what the erroris, rather than what would be correct, and eliminate any answers with the same mistake. Then try to narrow down the rest of the choices. Once you've got it down to one choice, plug that back into the sentence and see if it makes sense. Strategy: Eliminate Identical Answers This is a pretty simple strategy, but a lot of students find it really helpful: If two answers are functionally identical, they must both be wrong. Think about it this way:if you have a transition question and "Furthermore" and "Moreover" are both answer choices, how can you choose between them? You can't, because they mean the same thing. As such, both answers must be wrong. The exception to this rule is if there are more than two answers that are all the same. In that case, you've probably missed the part of the question that says "Which of the following would NOT be acceptable?" Go back and check. Keep an eye out for these kinds of patterns as you study- they're invaluable for conqueringthe weird world of the ACT English! This is good advice for every section of the ACT! #5: Don't Rush! After reading all this advice, you may be wondering how you will possibly get through the whole English section of the ACT in just 45 minutes. After all, it includes five passages and 75 questions, which is quite a lot. However, if you try out a couple of practice sections, you'll find that they go much faster than you expect. In fact, manystudents make a lot of careless mistakes because they're rushing to get through the test and then end up with time left over at the end. If you have more than one or two minutes left at the end of the English section and are missing more than a handful of questions,you're moving too fast. Even ifyou do find yourself running out of time, it may not benefit you to speed up. Rushing will always hurt your score. You may be better off guessing on some of the questions at the very end or skipping some of the time consuming big picture questions than you would be struggling to get to every single question in the allotted time. What's Next? Now that you understand the big picture of the English ACT, drill into some specific grammar topics, starting with our complete guide to commas. Aiming for that elusive perfect 36? Try our guide to getting a 36 on the ACT English from a perfect scorer. Or maybe after that you're considering switching to the SAT? Make sure you understand the differences between ACT English and SAT Writing first. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Comparing bluetooth technology with infrared Essay

Comparing bluetooth technology with infrared - Essay Example Bluetooth exchanges information between devices through a globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) radio bands. It uses 2.4 GHz short range frequency of ISM. Bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG) develop and license Bluetooth specifications. The SIG comprises of telecommunication, networking, computing and electronic companies (Newton, Harold). Bluetooth can transmit data between devices such as laptops, telephones, printers, digital cameras, mobile phones and video game consoles. It is a wireless protocol made for low power consumption and has short range which is based on low cost transceiver microchips in each device (Bluetooth SIG). The short ranges of Bluetooth are 1 meter, 10 meters and 100 meters and these ranges are power and class dependent. Class 1 of Bluetooth has a maximum permitted power of 100mW and approximate range of 100m; class 2 has a maximum permitted power of 2.5mW and approximate range of 10m; class 3 has a maximum permitted power of 1mW and approximate range of 1m (Newton, Harold). Bluetooth allows communication to be done among devices when they are in range. Because this system of communication uses radio waves, devices do not need to be in line of sight of each other for communication to take place. (Newton, Harold). In order for a device to be used by Bluetooth, it must be compatible with Bluetooth profiles. The most common use of Bluetooth includes wireless communication between handsets and mobile phones, wireless communication between computer input and output devices, file transfer between devices and OBEX, internet access of personal computers and communications in medical equipment. The technology of Bluetooth exists in many devices like Wi-Fi, telephones, and play stations and also in some high definition headsets and watches. This technology simplifies set up of services between devices. Devices with this technology can advertise all their services. It allows much of the security and permission configuration to be automated making its services easier for use as compared to other network types. A personal computer is required to have Bluetooth adapter in order to develop communication with other Bluetooth devices like mobile phones, keyboards and mice. Some laptops and personal computers have in built adapters while in others an external adapter is required. Through Bluetooth, multiple devices can communicate with a computer over one adapter. A Bluetooth enabled mobile phone allows it be communicated with many devices. The Open Mobile Terminal Platform has recently published a recommendation paper which recommends Bluetooth requirements in mobile phones which covers in car usage, printing and imaging. Bluetooth devices can transmit information like device names, list of services, device class and list of technical information on demand. Any Bluetooth device can undertake an inquiry to find other Bluetooth devices to connect to, and any Bluetooth device can usually respond to such inquires. However if a Bluetooth device that is trying to connect to another device knows the address of that other device than other devices always respond to the direct connection requests and transmit informat